The reason why I believe that the Earth is more than 6,000 years old!

Usually, I need not explain something that is bluntly obvious to some, but it might be the circles I find myself in. But, I realized that a large number of people I know believe that the earth is less than 10,000 years old. Hence, I find myself writing this reply ….

In 1650, Bishop James Ussher who was Archbishop of Armagh, Ireland published in Latin “ Annales Veteris Testamenti, a prima mundi origine deducti, una cum rerum Asiaticarum et Aegyptiacarum chronico, a temporis historici principio usque ad Maccabaicorum initia producto” (“Annals of the Old Testament, deduced from the first origins of the world, the chronicle of Asiatic and Egyptian matters together produced from the beginning of historical time up to the beginnings of Maccabees”). That the date of creation of the world was the 22nd October, 4004 BC at 6pm (according to the proleptic Julian Calendar). He was a prolific reader and had great depth of information, ancient history, including the rise of the Persians, Greeks and Romans, as well as expertise in the Bible, biblical languages, astronomy, ancient calendars and chronology. His book was regarded as the book for the creationist, he calculated that Solomon temple was completed around 3,000 years after creation and Jesus Christ came 1,000 years afterwards ( ‘fulfilment’ of the Temple’). When analyzed Bishop Ussher’s work was seen as being “honourable effort for its time” and argued that the common ridicule only reflects a “lamentable small-mindedness based on mistaken use of present criteria to judge a distant and different past.”

Astrological evidence

One thing I know, is that God is a “god of laws” and the universe follows certain physical laws, planets, stars, comets and other natural phenomena follow those n the 17th century, Galileo Galilei the father of modern astronomy agreed with Nicolaus Copernicus’s book titled “ . But never in his wildest dreams did Copernicus could know that it would change everything, as he even dedicated this book to the pope. His book change it so much that is has been known as the the way the heavenly bodies were moving via his modified stronger telescope and he propose a heliocentric solar system (the earth and other plants revolves around the sun) as compared to the geocentric (the earth is the centre of solar system and the sun and other planets go round the earth) purposed by Ptolemy in 2.AD, this was the official church stand as they believed it was based on It took us time to realize that stars are suns like balls of laws. Johannes Kepler was a Germanmathematician,astronomer, andastrologer in the 17th-century. Kepler believed that he saw God’s glory in the heavens, “ I wanted to become a theologian. For a long time, I was restless. Now, however, behold how through my effort God is being celebrated in astronomy”. He gave us Kepler laws of planetary motion which demonstrated that the planets and other “heavenly bodies” followed laws and we easily when we understand these laws, we can confidently state the speed, orbit and position of such heavenly bodies. We hence could predict the certain movement of the heavenly bodies a ream which was exclusively entirely reserved for the gods. A man has been able to land on the Moon, Mars, and Asteroids based on these laws, and has been able to investigate the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus and Pluto.

The church had Religion and science or “natural philosophy” used to be friends, people did believe that science confirmed the existence of a higher power. But i De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres 1543 about a century before, on the nature of our solar system Copernicus knew his work would be controversial and hence left publishing until when he knew he was dying burning hydrogen and helium gases which at their centre undergoes nuclei fusion under extreme pressure to produce energy. When looked at all the heavier elements are formed in the belly of the stars scripture. Copernican Revolution. Galileo was actually seeing

(stellar nucleosynthesis) ( supernova nucleosynthesis) themselves. Although stellar nucleosynthesis actually forms Nickel-56 this is very unstable and decomposes to Iron-56. So much energy is released during a supernova explosion that the freed energy and copious free neutrons streaming from the collapsing core drive massive fusion reactions, long past the formation of iron. The formations of a wide variety of elements take a process millions and millions of years from the scientific perspective, in short, they cannot be created under the natural laws we have observed in a matter of thousands of years.
At night there are millions and millions of miles away than the distance is measured by the speed of light. By looking at the heavens and the speed of light we can estimate when it seems everything was formed and it is definitely with a high degree of surety more than 10,000 years ago. With our present technology, we estimate the universe to be
13.772 billion years, with an uncertainty of 59 million years.4.543 billion years. The presence of the red shift in the light spectrum (Doppler effect) we know that the universe is expanding from that alone, the nearest galley being 4 light years away from the farthest recorded galaxy MACS0647-JD, being about 13.3 billion light-years away.

Geologyis the study of rocks and the formation of soil, and earth movement. Geologist understands rock formation is due to pressure and time. Igneous rock is formed from the earth core’s hot Manga which comes out from v Sedimentary Rocks were formed from dead organic matter or sediments. Then there are Metamorphic Rocks which were initially Igneous and Sedimentary and have which have undergone change. People have since realized that the deeper you go in the earth the longer ago it seems. The presence of fossilized rocks deep in the earth indicates that millions of years ago this organism must have been in existence. The presence of coal, petroleum and natural gases which is essentially dead pressurized plant material over time. Because coal takes millions of years to develop and there is a limited amount of it, it is a nonrenewable resource. The conditions that would eventually create coal began to develop about 300 million years ago, during the Carboniferous period. Similarly is petroleum and natural gases these were formed at least millions of years ago.

Then there is the issue of movement of tectonic plates, which show that at least there was a time that the current continents were not in their current position — continental drift. The presence of mountains, valleys, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc shows dynamic earth in constant motion according to its plates overlying a rotating core. These plates overlying land masses come together forming a super continent and separate. Also rock material and fossils indicate that adjacent continents used to be one whole landmass now they are separated by hundred kilometres of open ocean. A more recent supercontinent called Pangaea formed about 300 million years ago. Africa, South America, North America and Europe nestled closely together, leaving a characteristic pattern of fossils and rocks for geologists to decipher once Pangaea broke apart. The puzzle pieces left behind by Pangaea, from fossils to the matching shorelines along the Atlantic Ocean, provided the first hints that the Earth’s continents movement.

Some people do not believe in evolution, but most biologists do believe it in one form or another. There has been natural selection in islands where we have introduced another species into the habitual like rabbits in Australia or dogs in New Zealand. Worse is the introduction of the African killer bees in the Americans. During the industrial revolution in the UK, black moths thrived and the lighter ones died out, as the darken trees offer an advantage and protection against predators, hence there was selection, but it was not natural, there was “survival of the fittest”. Rattlesnakes are now becoming less noisy as they found out their noise in causing them problems. Of course ,the is the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria which have become resistant to multiple antibiotics. This has occurred in the last 70 years after the use of antibiotics. We should not talk of our domesticated animals with the different versions or breeds of dogs.

Also of course there is the issue of fruits, which have been genetically selected by breeding to produce total different products than nature has intended. As our domestic animals could now never survive in the wild, expect with a few exceptions. Our grains which are weeds have been selectively grown and breeding over the years that they can’t survive or with a great difficulty, it takes time and knowledge. If you were to see their natural unmodified ancestors, you will recognized that over the years they had been enhanced or selected to produce the features what we have seen today. Also ,horses have been selectively bred across many generations to produce variation according to a targeted function i.e. race horses which have been bred for speed and draft horses have been bred for power and endurance. Cows have been selectively bred across many generations to produce offspring with improved milk production and beef production.
From wheat, fruits, rice, all these through breeding programs show that could not have been done within 6,000 years.

There are species of animals not present today but it seems have been dead thousands or millions of years ago. The reason we know this is from their fossils crystallized in stone, these animals have been extinct even before man if we go by the 6,000 years had appeared in the Garden of Eden. By studying the soil topography they were able to go down through the ages and each layer had specific flora and fauna limited to that period never to appear again (95% of all species are extinct), they notice areas or periods devoid of animals which indicated widespread destruction or a great catastrophe (massive extinctions). But this was soon taken over by a new species of animals and plants which had not appeared before.

Carbon dating and other radioactive isotopes

Almost every biological being interacts with Carbon in the Carbon-cycle of life.

Radioactive Carbon-14 created from Nitrogen in the upper atmosphere by cosmic radiation has a known concentration, because the ratio is well known and the decay rate of Carbon-14 is well known established (half-life 5,730 years). Hence, we can estimate anything in the ground the age that it was no longer expose to the atmosphere based on its Carbon ratio between these isotopes. The practical limit of Carbon-14 dating is about 50,000 years.

There are other atoms apart from Carbon which are more stable and have a longer half life. The half-life of uranium-238 is 4500 million years. When it decays it forms thorium-234 which is also unstable. Finally, after a series of radioactive isotopes are formed it becomes lead-206, which is stable. These would give a better indication of the age. Using Uranium radioactive dating they estimated the age of the earth to be around 4.56 billion years.

Then there were are story lines and migration patterns together with genetic chromosomal markers which show a pattern that is not in keeping with a 6,000 years history.

It is likely to be older.

Originally published at http://tundeajao.blogspot.com on January 10, 2019.